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The Montgomery Bus Boycott Essay Example For Students

The Montgomery Bus Boycott Essay The Montgomery transport blacklist changed the manner in which individuals lived and responded toeach other. The American social liberties development started quite a while prior, as earlyas the seventeenth century, with blacks and whites all fighting slaverytogether. The pinnacle of the social equality development came during the 1950s startingwith the effective transport blacklist in Montgomery Alabama. The common rightsmovement was lead by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., who lectured peacefulness andlove for your adversary. Love your adversaries, we don't intend to cherish them as a companion or private. Wemean what the Greeks called agape-a uninvolved love for all humankind. Thislove is our directing perfect and adored network our definitive objective. As westruggle here in Montgomery, we are aware that we have inestimable companionshipand that the universe twists toward equity. We are moving from the dark nightof isolation to the brilliant sunrise of bliss, from the 12 PM of Egyptiancaptivity to the sparkling light of Canaan freedomexplained Dr. Ruler. We will compose a custom article on The Montgomery Bus Boycott explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now In the Cradle of the Confederacy, life for the white and the coloredcitizens was totally isolated. Isolated schools, cafés, publicwater wellsprings, entertainment meccas, and city transports were a piece of regular day to day existence inMontgomery, Alabama. Each individual working a transport line ought to give equalaccommodationsin such a way as to isolate the white individuals from Negroes.On Montgomerys transports, dark travelers were required by city law to sit in theback of the isolated transport. Negroes were required to pay their toll at thefront of the transport, at that point get off and reboard from the back of the transport. The frontrow seats were held for white individuals, which left the rear of the transport or nomans land for the blacks. There was no sign announcing the seatingarrangements of the transports, yet everybody knew them. The Montgomery transport blacklist began perhaps the best battle for civilrights throughout the entire existence of America. Here in the old capital of the Confederacy, motivated by one womens mental fortitude; prepared and sorted out by scores of grass-establishes pioneers in houses of worship, network associations, and political clubs; calledto new dreams of their best prospects by a youthful dark minister namedMartin Luther King, Jr., a people was stiring to its predetermination. In 1953, the dark network of Baton Rouge, Louisiana successfullypetitioned their city gathering to end isolated seating on open transports. Thenew mandate permitted the city transports to be situated on a first-come, first-servedbasis, with the blacks despite everything starting their seating at the back of the transport. The transport drivers, who were all white, disregarded the new mandate and proceeded tosave situates before the transport for white travelers. With an end goal to demandthat the city fol low the new law, the dark network arranged a one-dayboycott of Baton Rouges transports. Before the day's over, Louisianas attorneygeneral concluded that the new statute was illicit and decided that the busdrivers didn't need to change the guest plans on the transports. A quarter of a year later a subsequent transport blacklist was begun by Reverend T.J. Jemison. The new blacklist kept going around multi week, but then it constrained the cityofficials to settle. The trade off was to change the seating on the busesto first-come, first-served seating with two side seats in advance saved forwhites, and one long seat in the back for the blacks. The transport blacklist in Baton Rouge was one of the principal times a network ofblacks had sorted out direct activity against isolation and won. The triumph inBaton Rouge was a little one in contrast with other common right fights andvictories. The difficult work of Reverend Jemison and different coordinators of theboycott, had broad ramifications on a development that was simply beginning totake root in America. In 1954 the milestone instance of Brown versus Leading group of Educationof Topeka descion by the Supreme Court eclipsed Baton Rouge, yet the ideasand exercises were not overlooked. They were before long utilized 400 miles away inMontgomery, Alabama, where the most significant blacklist of the common rightsmovement was going to start. Separate yet equivalent began in 1896 with a case called Plessyv. Ferguson 163 U.S. 537 (1896). On June 2, 1896 Homer Adolph Plessy, who wasone-eighth Negro and gave off an impression of being white, boarded and took an empty seat in acoach saved for white individuals on the East Louisiana railroad in New Orleansbound for Covington, Louisiana. The conductor requested Plessy to move to a coachreserved for minorities individuals, yet Plessy cannot. With the guide of a policeofficer , Plessy was persuasively launched out from the train, secured up in the NewOrleans prison, and was brought under the steady gaze of Judge Ferguson on the charge of violatingLouisianas state isolation laws. In avowing Plessys conviction, theSupreme Court of Louisiana maintained the state law. Plessy then took the case tothe Supreme Court of America on a writ of mistake ( a more seasoned type of offer thatwas abrogated in 1929) saying that Louisianas isolation law was unlawful as a forswearing of the Thirteen th Amendment and equivalent protectionclause of the Fourteenth Amendment.The Plessy v. Ferguson case descionstated that different however equivalent was fine as long as the lodging were equalin standard. Case after case the different however equivalent regulation was followed yet notreexamined. The equivalent piece of the regulation had no genuine significance, on the grounds that theSupreme Court would not look past any lower court property to discover if thesegregated offices for Negroes were equivalent to those for whites. Numerous Negroaccommodations were supposed to be equivalent when in certainty they were unquestionably mediocre. The different however equivalent teaching is one of the extraordinary fantasies of Americanhistory for it is quite often evident that while in fact independent, thesefacilities are a long way from equivalent. All through the isolated open institutions,Negroes have been prevented equivalent offer from securing charge upheld administration and facilitiesstated President Trumans Committee on Civil Rights in 1947. In Topeka, Kansas the Browns, a Negro family, lived just four blacksfrom the white Sumner Elementary School. Linda Carol Brown, a multi year oldgirl needed to go to an isolated school twenty-one squares from her home becauseKansass state isolation laws permitted urban communities to isolate Negro and whitestudents in open grade schools. Oliver Brown and twelve different guardians of Negro kids asked that theirchildren be admitted to the all-white Sumner School, which was a lot nearer tohome. The standard rejected them confirmation, and the guardians recorded a suit in afederal locale court against the Topeka Board of Education. The suitcontended that the refusal to concede the kids to the school was a disavowal ofthe equivalent assurance clauseof the Fourteenth Amendment. The descion ofthe rule lead to the introduction of the most powerful and significant case ofthe Twentieth Century, Brown v. Leading group of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954). The government locale court was thoughtful to the Negro reason and agreedthat isolation in state funded schools negatively affected Negro youngsters, butthe court felt binded by the descion in Plessy v. Ferguson, and rejected todeclare isolation unlawful. Mr. Earthy colored at that point took the case straightforwardly tothe Supreme Court of the United States. Different cases including school isolation were making there approach to theSupreme Court from three unique states-Delaware, Virginia, South Carolina-andthe District of Columbia. The entirety of the cases showed up around a similar time as theBrown case. The cases all raised a similar issue, and the state consolidatedthem under Brown v. Leading body of Education. The equivalent security condition of theFourteenth Amendment is a limitation that applies just to the states, so thecase from the District of Columbia was laid on the fair treatment proviso of theFifth Amendment which is material to the Federal government. The case wascalled Bolling v. Sharpe, 349 U.S. 294 (1955), and had a similar result as theBrown case. Before the Supreme Court the contentions against isolation werepresented by Thurgood Marshall, board for the National Association for theAdvancement for Colored People (NAACP). The NAACP is an association which haddirected five cases through the courts and which had won numerous lawful cases forAmerican Negroes. The states depended on fundamentally Plessy v. Ferguson in arguingfor the continuation of isolation in government funded schools. The Supreme Court Opinion articulation conveyed by Mr. Boss JusticeWarren expressed thatWe presume that in the field of government funded instruction the precept of discrete yet equivalent has no spot. Separate instructive offices areinherently inconsistent. Along these lines, we hold that the offended parties and others of thesimilarly arranged for whom the activities have been brought are, by reason of thesegregation grumbled, denied of the equivalent security of the laws guaranteedby the Fourteenth Amendment. This air makes superfluous any discussionwhether such isolation additionally abuses the Due Process Clause of the FourteenthAmendment. The Brown case was vital in making room towards full equalityfor the Negroes in America. Despite the fact that the Brown case didn't legitimately upset thePlessy case descion, it made it splendidly evident that isolation in zones otherthan state funded training couldn't proceed. The Brown case empowered Negroes tofight calmly for their opportu nity through protests, shows, boycotts,and the activity of their democratic rights. With the Brown case descion and theend of school isolation came the beginning of the fall of racial oppression. On December 1, 1955, the activity of Mrs. Rosa Parks offered ascend to a formof fight that lead the social equality development peaceful activity. Mrs. Parksworked at a Montgomery retail chain sticking up fixes, raising waistlines. At the point when the store shut, Mrs. Parks boarded a Cleveland Avenue transport, and took aseat behind the white segment in push eleven. The transport was half full when

Must-Read February New Releases

Must-Read February New Releases Live your best bookish life with our New Release Index. It’s a fantastically functional way to keep track of your most anticipated new releases. It’s available exclusively to Book Riot Insiders. Subscribe to Book Riot Insiders! Jamie Canaves A Dangerous Crossing (Rachel Getty Esa Khattak #4) by Ausma Zehanat Khan (February 13, Minotaur Books): Khan is super talented at creating smart and thoughtful detective procedurals that also incorporate important current politics and social issues. This time around, Canadian detectives Getty and Esa find themselves looking into the disappearance of a friend’s sister who vanished while in Greece helping Syrian refugees. With two dead bodies discovered, there are many questions: Is she a murderer on the run? Hiding from danger? Or also dead? Amanda Kay Oaks Surprise Me by Sophie Kinsella (February 13, The Dial Press): This book definitely surprised me in that it wasn’t at all what I expected to read from Kinsella, probably best known for Confessions of a Shopaholic. Unlike many romance novels, this one picks up with a couple who is already married with kids. This fresh take on what a love story can be was a joy to read, and I love that its release date falls so close to Valentine’s Day (if you’re into that sort of thing). Pierce Alquist Heart Berries: A Memoir by Terese Marie Mailhot (February 6, Counterpoint Press): This is one of the most highly anticipated books of the year, let alone February! Heart Berries is a powerful memoir of Terese Marie Mailhot’s coming of age on the Seabird Island Indian Reservation in the Pacific Northwest. The memoir is one of struggle, as she details her dysfunctional upbringing and challenges indigenous women face, but ultimately one of strength and will. Roxane Gay described it as an “an astounding memoir in essays. Here is a wound. Here is need, naked and unapologetic. Here is a mountain woman, towering in words great and small…What Mailhot has accomplished in this exquisite book is brilliance both raw and refined. I don’t think you can get higher praise than that! I can’t wait! Beth O’Brien I’ll be Gone in the Dark: One Woman’s Obsessive Search for the Golden State Killer by Michelle McNamara (February 27, Harper): I’m a hardcore murderino and I’ve always found myself drawn in by the mysterious, morbid, and macabre elements found in true crime. I remember spending afternoons as a teenager on my painfully slow PC reading about famous serial killers, their victims, and how they were (or weren’t) apprehended. Michelle McNamara was an amazing writer and journalist and I’m very much looking forward to her masterpiece, which she sadly died while writing and investigating. I don’t personally know very much about the Golden State Killer and I can’t wait to read all the grisly details in McNamara’s words. Kate Krug Daughter of the Siren Queen by Tricia Levenseller (February 27, Feiwel Friends/Macmillan): Swashbuckling pirate Alosa is back and forced to confront the Pirate King aka her father after a secret is revealed about her family. Alosa is also trying to get a hand on her siren powers and navigating the turbulent waters around her relationship with first mate Riden. Daughter of the Pirate King was such a fun surprise last year and I’m excited to see what adventures Alosa and her crew are up to in the sequel. Jessica Woodbury Sunburn by Laura Lippman (February 20, William Morrow): Lippman is one of our most prolific crime novelists, with a dozen novels in her Tess Monaghan series and several successful stand-alones. But this is her best book yet; instead of the procedural mystery or the character-driven thriller, she’s moved to one of my favorite subgenres: noir. Lippman thanks one of my favoritesâ€"James M. Cain, author of The Postman Always Rings Twice and Double Indemnity among other classicsâ€"in the Acknowledgments and she’s created a novel that has the best of the old school noir style with a modern feminist narrative where no one is quite what they seem. A slow burn of rising suspense with more than a few twists and turns, it’s one of my early favorites of the year. Susie Dumond White Houses by Amy Bloom (February 13, Random House): Some might say that Eleanor Roosevelt’s intensely emotional and physical relationship with journalist Lorena Hickok is the worst kept lesbian secret in history. Now their love story is being told in the form of a historical novel by acclaimed author Amy Bloom. White Houses follows Hickok’s path to becoming the most prominent woman reporter in the country and the intimate “first friend” of Eleanor Roosevelt. I can’t wait to get my hands on this one! Karina Glaser The Girl Who Drew Butterflies by Joyce Sidman (February 20, HMH Books for Young Readers): This is a nonfiction book for middle grade readers about Maria Sibylla Merian, one of the first botanists to observe live insects directly. She grew up in the 1600s, when most believed that insects spontaneously arose from mud, dung, or dead things. She studied flowers and drew them, being one of the first artists to include insects in her artwork. Merian was also one of the first to document the metamorphosis of the butterfly as well as one of the first female entomologists in her field. The book is informative and accessible to middle grade readers, and it is filled with beautiful illustrations done by the Merian herself. This would be a fantastic addition to any school or home library! Claire Handscombe Paper is White by Hilary Zaid (February 19, Bywater Books): Hilary and I studied with Alexander Chee at the Tin House Writers’ Workshop a couple of summers ago, and I’m so excited that we all finally get to read her book. Paper is White is a love story set in 90s dot-com era San Francisco, and here’s what Chee had to say about it: “…a very different sort of adventure novel, where remembering someone you love becomes one of the most radical things you can do. Zaid is fierce, a rebel with a cause, and her breathtaking leaps of imagination make new worlds possible.” Tiffany Hall A Girl Like That by Tanaz Bhathena (February 27, Farrar, Straus and Giroux Books for Young Readers): Typically, I’m not one for intense contemporary reads, but A Girl Like That has seemed to completely ensnare meâ€"this is a novel I can’t wait to get my hands on. Following a sixteen-year-old girl, Zarin Wadia, with quite a reputation, this debut shines a light on many important topics like race, adolescent struggle, and identity. Not only that, but the stakes are all the higher when Zarin and another teen are found dead in a crashed car. To paint a full portrait of who Zarin was beyond a girl “like that,” Bhathena employs the use of a few different perspectives, which makes it all the more appealing. Part mystery, part contemporary, this novel will certainly be in my hands as soon as it hits the shelves. Tirzah Price Tess of the Road by Rachel Hartman (February 27, Random House Books for Young Readers): Rachel Hartman’s dragons in Seraphina and Shadow Scale fascinated me, but her lively characters and spectacular world-building were what made her a must-read author for me. I’m so excited to meet Tess and return to Goredd for another grand adventureâ€"so much so that I’ve caught myself daydreaming about this book multiple times in the last few months. Also, that cover!! Nicole Brinkley Heart of Iron by Ashley Poston (February 27, Balzer + Bray): Found as a child drifting through space, Ana will do anything to save D09, one of the last illegal Metals, from glitchingâ€"even if it means going on a trip across the galaxy with an entitled Ironblood boy to the coordinates to a ship that might not actually exist. The sci-fi action adventure novel you didnt know you needed, Ashley Postons Heart of Iron reads like a movie. Its fast paced, totally fun, and should be on the reading list of anybody who lives sci-fi. Fans of Amie Kaufman, Meagan Spooner, and Fireflyâ€"pick this one up! Steph Auteri Speak: The Graphic Novel by Laurie Halse Anderson and Emily Carroll (February 6, Farrar, Straus and Giroux): When I finally read Anderson’s Speak last year, it at once shattered and struck me as one of the most important books out there, especially for young girls struggling with depression and with the aftermath of sexual assault. Then I learned that Speak was getting the graphic novel treatment and my heart exploded with excitement. I can’t wait to see Carroll’s approach to this essential YA novel. Alison Doherty American Panda by Gloria Chao (February 6, Simon Pulse): I looked this book up after hearing a recommendation from Yin Chang on the podcast 88 Cups of Tea and felt hooked once I saw that BookList called the debut “wickedly funny.” I’m so excited to read a YA story where a seventeen year old character goes to college early. And I’m intrigued by the conflict of a Taiwanese American girl trying to balance her own self knowledge with the expectations her parents have set for her. Very here for an adorable, own voices coming of age story! Priya Sridhar All Out by Saundra Mitchell, Kody Keplinger, Kate Scelsa, Robin Talley, Shaun David Hutchinson, Tess Sharpe, Alex Sanchez, Nilah Magruder, Sara Farizan, Mackenzi Lee, Anna-Marie McLemore, Malinda Lo, Dahlia Adler, Tehlor Kay Mejia, Scott Tracey, Tessa Gratton, Natalie C. Parker, Elliot Wake (February 27, Harlequin Teen): I am totally down for an anthology that explores the LGBTQ spectrum, with established and new authors contributing their tales. Stories that span time and space depict love, identity and awakenings. I for one cannot wait to read each story. Liberty Hardy The Lost Girls of Camp Forevermore by Kim Fu (February 13, Houghton, Mifflin, Harcourt): THIS BOOK. Camp Forevermore is a sleep-away camp, a place of friendship and adventure, but for five young girls, their week will quickly go horribly wrong. In between chapters about what happens to the girls that week at camp are stories of the lives of each of the girls, from when they’re young up to present day, and how their traumatic experience shaped them. This is one of those books that immediately breaks your heart and then makes you feel like the rest of the words in the book are the glue you desperately need to keep it from coming completely apart. It’s beautiful and devastating. Katie McLain Force of Nature by Jane Harper (February 6, Flatiron Books): The sequel to last year’s super amazing, dark, Tana Frenchâ€"esque mystery, The Dry follows Police Agent Aaron Falk as he searches for a missing hiker who may or may not have come to harm at the hands of her coworkers. Everyone who’s read an early copy of this book says it’s just as good as The Dry, if not better, and I cannot WAIT to get my hands on it! Rachel Brittain Flight Season by Marie Marquardt (February 20, Wednesday Books): This book is sweet and moving and lovely and such a good example of how YA can mix a heartfelt story with really serious issues. The book follows Vivi, TJ, and Ángel, three teenagers who come from very different worlds but are brought together at the hospital were Vivi and TJ are interning and where Ángel is slowly dying of heart failure. Flight Season is about the enduring power of friendship, but it also deals with grief, illness, immigration, and deportation. It’ll break your heart and then slowly put it back together again. Margaret Kingsbury The Rending and the Nest by Kaethe Schwehn (February 20, Bloomsbury USA): Can there be too many post-apocalyptic novels? For me, the answer is no, though I am picky about what I like. The Rending and the Nest has an interesting premise: after some sort of apocalypse, women start giving birth to inanimate objects. Sounds delightfully weird! It’s being compared to both California (which I was iffy on) and Station Eleven (which I loved), so I’ll just have to see. I must admit, part of what draws me to this one is that I have my own little one right now, so I’m interested in anything about babies! Kate Scott What Are We Doing Here? By Marilynne Robinson (February 20, Farrar, Straus, Giroux): Ever since the 2016 election, the relationship between politics and faith (and all the ways it can go wrong) has been on my mind. In this essay collection, Robinson examines America’s current political, cultural, and religious condition. As I work my way through Robinson’s bibliography, I find myself frequently disagreeing with her conclusions; however, I am continuously drawn back to her work in spite of my misgivings. Perhaps this is because she is such an eloquent writer or perhaps it is because she paints an aspirational vision of Christianity that I wish to be true. Regardless, I will be first in line to read this book. Danielle Bourgon Song of a Captive Bird by Jasmin Darznik (February 13, Ballantine Books): A novel that is set to tell the story of an infamous female poet from Iran, whom I have never heard of. The author, Jasmin Darznik, has done a heap of research and prepared a novel to tell the story of Forugh Farrokhzad. It even includes new translations of selected poems! I just started falling down the poetry rabbit hole in the last few years and I love a good memoir so this seems like it’s going to be right in my current wheelhouse. Adiba Jaigirdar The Belles by Dhonielle Clayton (February 6, Disney-Hyperion): This is probably one of the most talked about book of 2018. Set in a fantasy world where people are born gray and only the Belles can make them beautiful, The Belles is a story about power, secrets, and the cost of beauty. It’s also been highly praised by Roxane Gayâ€"which makes me want to read it even more! Christina Vortia An American Marriage: A Novel by Tayari Jones (February 6, Algonquin Books): I’m really excited to read Tayari Jones’s new novel. She is a master at developing nuanced characters and crafting narratives with intricate plots. This novel, about successful newlyweds who rapidly find themselves at an intersection of crime and punishment, guilt and ignorance, loyalty and infidelity is sure to be illuminating. I cant wait to pull back the layers with this one. Aimee Miles The Serpent’s Secret by Sayantani DasGupta (February 27, Scholastic): Kiranmala is just a regular twelve year old in New Jersey until her parents disappear and demons from their stories appear. She has to unravel the family secrets, stay alive, and save her parents (and the world). I am here for any twelve year old girls who take on the role of demonslayer, and I am particularly interested that Kiranmala is interacting with a different culture’s mythology than has been popularly seen. As an fyi, this book was hit by one-star trolls, as children’s books by POC are wont to receive; take any star-ratings with a grain of salt. Rabeea Saleem The Clarity by Keith Thomas (February 20, Atria): If you’re a Black Mirror fan like me then you’ll love this chilling speculative thriller. A psychologist who is researching how we form memories must protect the life of a young girl who remembers past lives. Tautly plotted and well researched, this book is a riveting take on the possibility of afterlife and reincarnation. Erin McCoy The Bastard’s Bargain by Katee Robert (February 6, Grand Central Publishing): In this conclusion to Robert’s The O’Malley series we finally get to see Dmitri and Keira together. I wasn’t a big Dmitri fan until the fifth book of this series, but after seeing him go all-out to protect Keira in Undercover Attraction I’m officially a member of the Romanov fan club. I’ll be sad to see this series end since it not only introduced me to Robert’s exceptionally provocative writing, this series has also given me some of my favorite mobster hero and heroines to date. Rebecca Hussey Feel Free by Zadie Smith (February 6, Penguin Press): Zadie Smith’s essays are as good as her fiction. Her first collection, Changing My Mind, was wide-ranging, beautifully-written, elegant, and thought-provoking. Feel Free includes new work as well previously published pieces from The New Yorker and elsewhere. Zadie Smith can make any subject compelling; she’s a writer to watch, no matter what she writes about. Dana Staves Summer Hours at the Robbers Library by Sue Halpern (February 27, Harper Collins): Small town libraries, secrets, criminal activity, and a quirky cast of charactersâ€"it’s all in Sue Halpern’s novel. Each of the main characters has their own reasons for keeping other people shut outâ€"secrets about the past, uncertainty about the futureâ€"but when they’re thrown together in a sleepy small town library, the inevitable happens: they get to know each other, get to need each other, and lo and behold, even like each other too. This was a joy to read. Brandi Bailey The House of Impossible Beauties by Joseph Cassara (February 6, Ecco): The gritty glamour of New York in the 80s and the club scene is fascinating to me. I’m not sure why this book is calling my name so hard, but I know I need to read it. Set in the LGBTQ+ community at the dawn of the AIDS crisis is going to make this read an emotional rollercoaster, I’m sure. I’m especially excited because this novel is an #ownvoices choice. Cassara has talked about the amount of research he undertook to make sure his 1980 Harlem setting is as authentic as possible. Inspired by real people, places, and events, Impossible Beauties promises an immersive, vibrant, painful experience. Jaime Herndon Asymmetry by Lisa Halliday (February 6, Simon Schuster): I love when writers use form in a different way, and Halliday has two novellas that discuss relationships and various power imbalances. The first concerns a young editor and an older writer; the second is about an Iraqi-American economist detained in Heathrow. Though initially seeming separate and discrete, the two work together and connect. I just started it, but I’m loving it. Tasha Brandstatter Hello, Stranger by Lisa Kleypas (February 27, Avon): Kleypas’s latest series has been a little hit-or-miss for me, but I’m looking forward to this book starring a 19th-century female physician. Hopefully the mystery is as well-developed as the romance. Kim Ukura The Line Becomes a River by Francisco Cantú (February 6, Riverhead): Between 2008 and 2012, Francisco Cantú was an agent with the U.S. Border Patrol, working along the Mexican border to prevent both drugs and people from entering the country. Cantú eventually asks to return to a desk job, finding the stress and guilt of the job to be too much, but he finds himself pulled back into the debate over immigration when an undocumented friend is arrested at the border. I love finding personal stories that help explain big picture issues, so I think this one will be right up my alley. Natalya Muncuff A Princess in Theory: Reluctant Royals by Alyssa Cole (February 27, Avon Books): Most of us have gotten (and rolled our eyes) at the emails stating weve won a large lump sum of money or some other seemingly enticing reward. We know its fake so we immediately delete it. However, I know Im not the only one who has entertained the idea that one of them could be true. A grad school student receiving emails saying shes betrothed to an African prince, and its true? Sounds like a winning plot to me! Im very intrigued to see how Cole will put her spin on this storyline. Dana Lee Shadowsong by S. Jae-Jones (February 6, Wednesday Books): So, full disclosure, I loved Wintersong. LOVED it, I mean I made a fanmix people! I showed up for the Goblin King and stayed for the beautiful, intricate writing and the infusion of classical music into the plot. I cannot wait to be back in this ethereal world. Shadowsong is the conclusion of this duology by S. Jae-Jones and I have a mighty need to see what Liesl is up against in the world above now that she’s survived the Underground. My body is ready for more goblins and minor keys. Jessica Avery The Lucky Ones by Tiffany Reisz (February 13, MIRA Books): Tiffany Reisz has been at the top of my auto-buy list for something like six years now. I would run out of words before I could successfully explain how beautiful and nuanced her novels are. The Lucky Ones is her latest addition, and she’s returning to some of the Gothic elements that made her book from a few years ago, The Bourbon Thief, so incredible. Impending tragedy brings lead character Allison back to the strange, idyllic home that she grew up in as an orphan. The coastal Oregon beach house ominously named Dragon. Ghosts of the past and horrific secrets abound, and I’m ready to be enthralled. Michelle Hart Self-Portrait with Boy by Rachel Lyon (February 6, Scribner): I’m wary of novels about artists set in Brooklyn, but I was blown away by Rachel Lyon’s debut about an aspiring photographer who, while taking the 1990s equivalent of a selfie, captures on film the accidental suicide of her neighbor, a young boy. Eerie and exquisitely composed, the image could launch her career, but she wrestles with the emotional and moral costs of using another family’s tragedy for her own gain. Things get even more confusing for her when she begins a very intimate relationship with the boy’s mother. Self-Portrait with Boy is a searing novel about the fraught relationship between intimacy and ambition. Laura Sackton Comics For Choice edited by Hazel Newlevant and Whit Taylor (February 6, Alternative Comics): I cannot wait to get my hands on this anthology of comics about abortion. It features over sixty artists, writers, and cartoonists, and the comics include personal stories as well as nonfiction about the history of abortion, abortion activism, and reproductive justice. I’m particularly excited because it includes the voices of trans and gender-nonconforming people, who are far too often left out of the conversation when it comes to abortion and reproductive rights. At a time when so many of those rights are under threat, I know this is going to be a tough, moving, and inspiring read. Patricia Elzie-Tuttle The Prince and the Dressmaker by Jen Wang (February 13, First Second): I feel like I first heard about this book in 2015 and I am so excited that it’s finally coming out! An all-ages graphic novel that is warm and romantic and deconstructs gender norms? Yes, please! I am always searching feel-good books by diverse authors writing diverse characters, especially ones that I can pass on to the younger people in my life, and this certainly fits the bill. I am definitely looking forward to this heartwarming tale of a prince who lives a double life as Lady Crystallia, a fashion icon, and the dressmaker that helps it all happen.

Check Out Famous Dr. Seuss Quotes

Dr. Seuss, the pen name of Theodor Geisel, is the author of numerous classic childrens books such as The Cat in the Hat, Green Eggs and Ham, The Lorax and How the Grinch Stole Christmas. Dr. Seuss books are special because of his unique style of rhyming, often with made-up words, and fascinating cartoon characters. Children who struggle with reading, or arent interested in reading, find themselves deeply engrossed in a Dr. Seuss book. Here are some of the most memorable quotes from Dr. Seuss. Quotes from Oh the Places Youll Go! Kid, you’ll move mountains! Today is your day! Your mountain is waiting. So get on your way!   The more that you read, the more things you will know. The more that you learn, the more places youll go. You have brains in your head. You have feet in your shoes. You can steer yourself any direction you choose. Youre on your own, and you know what you know. And you will be the guy wholl decide where youll go.   Quotes from The Cat in the Hat I know it is wet and the sun is not sunny, but we can have lots of good fun that is funny. Look at me! Look at me! Look at me now! It is fun to have fun. But you have to know how.   Quotes from The Lorax I am the Lorax. I speak for the trees. I speak for the trees for the trees have no tongues. Its not about what it is, its about what it can become. Unless someone like you cares a whole awful lot, nothing is going to get better. It’s not. Quotes from Other Dr. Seuss Books Today you are you, that is truer than true. There is no one alive who is  youer  than you.  Ã¢â‚¬â€Happy Birthday to You! Don’t give up! I believe in you all. A person’s a person, no matter how small! — Horton Hears a Who. And the turtles, of course... All the turtles are free -- As turtles and, maybe, all creatures should be.  Ã¢â‚¬â€ Yertle the Turtle. Think left and think right and think low and think high. Oh, the thinks you can think up if only you try.  Ã¢â‚¬â€Oh, the Thinks You Can Think! So you see! Theres no end to the thing you might know, depending how far beyond Zebra you go.  Ã¢â‚¬â€ On Beyond Zebra. I will not eat them in a house, I  will not eat them with a mouse. I will not eat them in a box. I will not eat them with a fox. I will not eat them here or there, I will not eat them anywhere.  I do not like green eggs and ham. I do not like them, Sam I am.  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬â€ Green Eggs and Ham. This fox is a tricky fox. Hell try to get your tongue in trouble.  Ã¢â‚¬â€ Fox in Socks. The time has come. The time is now. Just go. Go. Go! I dont care how.  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬â€ Marvin K. Mooney Will You Please Go Now!

The Issue Of Forced Displacement During The Harlem...

â€Å"The issue of forced displacement during the Harlem Renaissance† The Harlem Renaissance was a time of blossoming talents and gowing ideas. Many of the works that surfaced during renaissance are still dissected and discussed in classrooms around the world. Works like Africa for the Africans and Heritage by Harvey and Cullen have withstood the test of time and perfectly encapture the issues and questions of the time period. These poems embody the resentment and social strife african americans were largely afflicted with in 1930’s America. The abundance of racially inspired discrimination inadvertently created a garden of emotional inspiration authors that became a voice of expression for their people. In the middle of this artistic explosion†¦show more content†¦Harvey argues that since the reason his descendants were brought to the Americas at all were to be â€Å"christianized† and â€Å"civilized†. He develops on the topic further and states that after two hundred and fifty this task has been accomplished, not through white intervention but through the sacrifice of the first African slaves that made their way to America. Harvey makes his argument through an amazing use of logos, alluding to a pivotal point in history and making a mockery of the original argument for the necessity of slavery to begin with. Harvey calls his peers to action stating â€Å" Should we not, therefore, turn our eyes towards Africa, our ancestral home and free it from the thralldom of alien oppression and ex ploitation?†. Here Harvey uses a rhetorical question to call his audience to take control of their homeland and shake off the imperialistic choke hold that Western super powers held on their â€Å"ancestral home†. Harvey’s argument in favor of forced displacement outlines the return to Africa as a natural and rational reaction to the oppression African Americans have experienced at the hands of their countrymen. Harvey’s argument is a calculated and compelling one that appeals not only to African Americans but African descendants everywhere, even in the nation itself. Harvey addresses the plague of foreign exploitation and manipulation Africa has experienced and invests the blame where it lies. Harvey outlines the

Movie Review of Canterbury Tales Free Essays

The British film entitled A Canterbury Tale was released in 1944 and directed by Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger. The movie was successful enough in adapting the themes of Chaucer’s creation. It is a mixture of Comedy Drama which enticed the audience and kept them tuck in their seats. We will write a custom essay sample on Movie Review of Canterbury Tales or any similar topic only for you Order Now The magnificent genre and plot was performed artistically by actors and actresses in the film. The film depicts the era of the 14th century, giving audience a glimpse of what really happened during that time. The Canterbury Tales (written form) is one of the greatest works done during the 14th century but for a work to be considered â€Å"the work of the century† it must exemplify the major events that happened during that period. Good thing that the directors successfully gave audience a clear representation of the book by Chaucer. The film was set in Britain and deals with the system of locking up young daughters as part of the policy adopted by Thomas Colpepper, J.P. (Erick Portman) in the film. In order to escape from he claws of Portman, Sgt. Peter Gibbs (Dennis Price) who is a British tank sergeant led the troop on a journey towards many discoveries. He traveled with Alison Smith (Sheila Sim) a shopkeeper and American GI Bob Johnson (John Sweet). They traveled towards Canterbury. The journey of the main characters made them discover many things about life. The stereotypical notion about Yankees was reversed by Sweet’s experience as he met his true love along the way to Canterbury. There is magic in every life of the characters and the actors and actresses played their part very well. The movie is also magnificent in terms of cinematography since there are scenes that made it possible for audience to see themselves united with the characters. The camera angles are set in a way that viewers will see the emotion of the characters more clearly. The Canterbury Tales as it were, holds a mirror to the life of the Chaucer’s age and shows it manners and morals completely, â€Å"not in fragments†. The director of the film replaces effectively the shadowy delineations of the old romantic and allegorical school with the vivid and pulsating pictures of contemporary life that made the film more appealing. Chaucer’s tone as a poet is wonderfully instinct with geniality, tolerance, humor, and freshness which are absent from that of his contemporaries and predecessors who are too dreamy or too serious to be interesting. Another thing that made the film outstanding is the variation of characters in terms of profession, experiences in life and point of views. Although the film was made in black and white, viewers can still enjoy watching because of the plot and the theme. A Canterbury Tale film was adopted from The Canterbury Tales of Geoffrey Chaucer, and loosely uses Chaucer’s theme of unconventional characters on a pilgrimage’ to highlight the period of war, the experiences of the citizens of Kent and persuade the friendship and understanding of Anglo-American. The film was shot in locations like Kent countryside. It is a representation of the real environment were war is rampant and in Canterbury itself. Large participation of people was also utilized since there is a need for crowd performances like river battles and children activities. It creates a dynamic and interactive environment that made viewers enticed. The directors of the film made the characters detailed and true to life-like because he intended to make the viewers of the time reflect on their actions. The film shows clearly the good and bad situations in Canterbury, and it was intended to be easily understood by the audience. How to cite Movie Review of Canterbury Tales, Papers

The Rise Of The USA As A Superpower Essays - Energy,

The Rise of the USA as a Superpower The Rise of the USA as a Superpower The development and use of nuclear power has led to the United States assuming a position as the true World Military Superpower. The Unites States was the leader in planning, building, testing and actually using the most powerful nuclear weapon known to man. This country also led the world in relatively safe production of nuclear power. The only other competitor to the United States, the Soviet Union, had poor leaders, induced a poor economy, and eventually led the country to lose the race for superpower. During World War II, the United States began the research and development of the atomic bomb. Code-named the Manhattan Project, it took place in a government built city in New Mexico called Los Alamos. General Leslie Groves and physicist Robert Oppenheimer led the research to create this atomic bomb. The mission was to build, test and, if necessary, unleash an atomic bomb. With the many people working on creating and building this bomb, they completed it within the short amount of time given. In July of 1945, they tested the nuclear bomb in New Mexico. It was a success. The very next month, an atomic bomb nicknamed "Little Boy" was dropped on Hiroshima. Only a few days later, the atomic bomb "Fat Man" was dropped on Nagasaki. It was around this time that the United States found out that nobody, not even Germany or the Soviet Union, was anywhere close to competing with the U.S. in atomic weaponry. The atomic bomb was dropped not only to end the war with the Japanese, but to show the world, especially the Soviet Union, how powerful the United States was in its government, its military, its technology, and its people. The fact that it was a new bomb and being the first type of its kind ever created also caused an eagerness to use the bomb and see how it would work. These three factors are the reasons behind the United States dropping the atomic bomb on Japan, as they unknowingly and unintentionally began the nuclear age and the Cold War. The Cold War began as World War II was ending. The United States and the Soviet Union came out of the previous war nearly equal in strength, with the United States having the upper hand, being the first to create and use such intense nuclear power. It was during this time that these countries were competing to become the World Superpower. Nuclear power, for the purposes of electricity as well as weaponry, was going to be the determining factor as to who would be the greater Superpower. The United States leadership was strong and organized. The economy was good and growing stronger. The Soviet Union was not doing as well. Formerly being under the rule of Stalin, with strict centralization where it was only the highest party levels that made any and all decisions who ruled by decree and enforced with terror, the Soviet people and economy was stagnating. Strict centralization continued and eventually led to economic decline, inefficiency, and apathy during the 1970s and 1980s, and contributed to the Chernobyl' nuclear disaster. The great disaster at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in 1986 was the final string cut that led not only to the Soviet Union losing its war to become the greatest World Superpower, but furthermore, the collapse of the Soviet system. The Chernobyl Nuclear Powerplant was being run by people who made mistakes maintaining the power supply, who were tired of their own country, and who simply didn't care. This careless conduct led to poor maintenance and low output of nuclear power. To correct for this, some steps were taken to increase the power output. During the effort to correct the low power output, one final error occurred, and the consequences were tremendous. One of the reactors exploded and released huge doses of radiation. The ambitious nuclear power program of the Soviet Union was now over. The Unites States led the world in nuclear technology by producing the atomic bomb, and had the courage to use it - twice. This proved to the world that the United States was a Superpower they should fear. The United States also had good leaders whom kept the economy strong, and kept the people in order. The Soviet Union however, trailed behing the United States. They did not have the technology to produce the amount of nuclear power that the United States had, nor the economy to support the research. Their economy was not only poor, but also continually declining. With these

Free Essays on Julius Cesar

Julius Caesar Julius Caesar was a strong leader for the Romans who changed the course of the history of the Greco - Roman world decisively and irreversibly. With his courage and strength he created a strong empire. What happened during his early political career? How did he become such a strong dictator of the Roman Empire? What events led up to the making of the first triumvirate? How did he rise over the other two in the triumvirate and why did he choose to take over? What happened during his reign as dictator of Rome? What events led up to the assassination of Caesar? What happened after he was killed? Caesar was a major part of the Roman Empire because of his strength and his strong war strategies. Julius Caesar was a Roman general and statesman whose dictatorship was pivotal in Rome’s transition from republic to empire. When he was young Caesar lived through one of the most horrifying decades in the history of the city of Rome. The city was assaulted twice and captured by Roman armies, first in 87 BC by the leaders of the populares, his uncle Marius and Cinna. Cinna was killed the year that Caesar had married Cinna’s daughter Cornelia. The second attack upon the city was carried our by Marius’ enemy Sulla, leader of the optimates, in 82 BC on the latter’s return from the East. On each occasion the massacre of political opponents was followed by the confiscation of their property. The proscriptions of Sulla, which preceded the reactionary political legislation enacted during his dictatorship left a particularly bitter memory that long survived. Caesar left Rome for the province of Asia on the condition that he divorce his wife because Sulla would only allow him to leave on that condition. When he heard the news that Sulla had been killed he returned to Rome. He studied rhetoric under the distinguished teacher Molon. In the winter of 75-74 BC Caesar was captured by pirated and, while in their custody awaiting the arrival ... Free Essays on Julius Cesar Free Essays on Julius Cesar Julius Caesar Julius Caesar was a strong leader for the Romans who changed the course of the history of the Greco - Roman world decisively and irreversibly. With his courage and strength he created a strong empire. What happened during his early political career? How did he become such a strong dictator of the Roman Empire? What events led up to the making of the first triumvirate? How did he rise over the other two in the triumvirate and why did he choose to take over? What happened during his reign as dictator of Rome? What events led up to the assassination of Caesar? What happened after he was killed? Caesar was a major part of the Roman Empire because of his strength and his strong war strategies. Julius Caesar was a Roman general and statesman whose dictatorship was pivotal in Rome’s transition from republic to empire. When he was young Caesar lived through one of the most horrifying decades in the history of the city of Rome. The city was assaulted twice and captured by Roman armies, first in 87 BC by the leaders of the populares, his uncle Marius and Cinna. Cinna was killed the year that Caesar had married Cinna’s daughter Cornelia. The second attack upon the city was carried our by Marius’ enemy Sulla, leader of the optimates, in 82 BC on the latter’s return from the East. On each occasion the massacre of political opponents was followed by the confiscation of their property. The proscriptions of Sulla, which preceded the reactionary political legislation enacted during his dictatorship left a particularly bitter memory that long survived. Caesar left Rome for the province of Asia on the condition that he divorce his wife because Sulla would only allow him to leave on that condition. When he heard the news that Sulla had been killed he returned to Rome. He studied rhetoric under the distinguished teacher Molon. In the winter of 75-74 BC Caesar was captured by pirated and, while in their custody awaiting the arrival ... Free Essays on Julius Cesar Julius Caesar Julius Caesar was a strong leader for the Romans who changed the course of the history of the Greco - Roman world decisively and irreversibly. With his courage and strength he created a strong empire. What happened during his early political career? How did he become such a strong dictator of the Roman Empire? What events led up to the making of the first triumvirate? How did he rise over the other two in the triumvirate and why did he choose to take over? What happened during his reign as dictator of Rome? What events led up to the assassination of Caesar? What happened after he was killed? Caesar was a major part of the Roman Empire because of his strength and his strong war strategies. Julius Caesar was a Roman general and statesman whose dictatorship was pivotal in Rome’s transition from republic to empire. When he was young Caesar lived through one of the most horrifying decades in the history of the city of Rome. The city was assaulted twice and captured by Roman armies, first in 87 BC by the leaders of the populares, his uncle Marius and Cinna. Cinna was killed the year that Caesar had married Cinna’s daughter Cornelia. The second attack upon the city was carried our by Marius’ enemy Sulla, leader of the optimates, in 82 BC on the latter’s return from the East. On each occasion the massacre of political opponents was followed by the confiscation of their property. The proscriptions of Sulla, which preceded the reactionary political legislation enacted during his dictatorship left a particularly bitter memory that long survived. Caesar left Rome for the province of Asia on the condition that he divorce his wife because Sulla would only allow him to leave on that condition. When he heard the news that Sulla had been killed he returned to Rome. He studied rhetoric under the distinguished teacher Molon. In the winter of 75-74 BC Caesar was captured by pirated and, while in their custody awaiting the arrival ...

Geode of Blue Copper Sulfate Crystals Tutorial

Geode of Blue Copper Sulfate Crystals Tutorial Geodes are a type of rock containing crystals. Normally, millions of years are required for flowing water and minerals to deposit crystals. You can make your own geode in only a few days. Grow beautiful translucent blue crystals of copper sulfate pentahydrate inside an egg shell to make your own geode. This project is of average difficulty and will take 2 to 3 days to finish. What You Need An eggHot waterCopper sulfate Here's How to Do It First, you need to prepare the eggshell. A natural geode forms inside a mineral. For this project, the mineral is the calcium carbonate of an eggshell. Carefully crack open an egg, discard the egg, and keep the shell. Clean the egg from the shell. Try for a clean break, to create two halves of the shell, or you may wish to just remove the top of the shell, for a more ball-shaped geode.In a separate container, add copper sulfate to 1/4 cup of hot water. The amount of copper sulfate isnt exact. You want to stir copper sulfate into the water until no more will dissolve. More is not better! It should take a few pinches of solid material to make a saturated solution.Pour the copper sulfate solution into the eggshell.Place the eggshell in a location where it can remain undisturbed for 2 to 3 days. You may want to place the eggshell in another container to keep it from falling over.Observe your geode each day. Crystals should appear by the end of the first day and will be at their best afte r the second or third day. You can pour out the solution and allow your geode to dry after a couple of days or you can let the solution fully evaporate (a  week or two). Tips for Making a Geode of Copper Sulfate Crystals Even a small increase in the temperature of the water will greatly affect the amount of copper sulfate (CuS04 . 5H20) that will dissolve.Copper sulfate is harmful if swallowed and can irritate skin and mucous membranes. In case of contact, rinse skin with water. If swallowed, give water and call a physician.Copper sulfate pentahydrate crystals contain water, so if you want to store your finished geode, keep it in a sealed container. Otherwise, water will evaporate from the crystals, leaving them dull and powdery. The gray or greenish powder is the anhydrous form of copper sulfate.The archaic name for copper (II) sulfate is blue vitriol.Copper sulfate is used in copper plating, blood tests for anemia, in algicides and fungicides, in textile manufacturing, and as a desiccant.

Writing and speaking for business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Writing and speaking for business - Essay Example Format/Outlook- imdb.com has a simple format that I appreciate. The background color and font are not attractive but that’s fine with me as the important thing is I can easily find what I am looking for. Movies.yahoo.com also follows a similar simplistic layout of a white background where most of the crucial information is. As for movies.com, it features a mix of at colors which make it eye-catchy. Content- On imdb.com, trailers of the most recent films are the first things that catch your eye; then to the right there’s a list of highest earning new releases. Therefore, you can easily get an idea of what’s coming out and the favorites. As for movies.yahoo.com, the homepage is slightly ‘populated’ as it features advertisements, a single trailer at the top and below that clips on interviews with movie directors and/or cast of upcoming movies. Then again below that is where the information crucial to me is i.e. movies that have recently come out and a top 10 list of box office movies. Movies.com is however, the most populated as it features many advertisements, news on released movies e.g. ratings from critics, films that are up for awards and the like. Feedback/Comments Section- Typically, all three websites have the icon for help/feedback/suggestions at the bottom of the home page and clicking on this directs you to another page. Overall, movies.com works best for me as it is simple, movies.yahoo.com is average while imdb.com is my least favorite when it comes to this. I hope that this breakdown provides a useful description of my analysis on all three of the websites. In case there is any further enquiry, feel free to contact me on (Insert telephone number) as I would not mind providing a broader description of any specific site, or movies

American Gov't Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

American Gov't - Essay Example The federal elections envision an electoral or indirect approach to elections but the states are free to decide the precise formula by which its own electoral votes are counted. The Electoral College has been the subject of much debate and criticism; such criticism tends to derive from the fact that a presidential candidate can win the popular vote and still fail to win because of the nuances of the Electoral College. Such criticism is hardly abstract as George W. Bush defeated Al Gore in just this way. Not only can the Electoral College operate to deny the popular vote, but it can also render certain states increasingly important and other states increasingly trivial or irrelevant as far as presidential elections are concerned. Large swing states with winner-take-all electoral laws, for instance, receive more attention and more personal time than other states. Under this electoral system, Florida becomes more important than California, Ohio more important than New York, and Pennsylvania more important than Texas. What ought to be a national election, reflecting a broad spectrum of national interests and concerns, instead becomes a carefully calculated race to secure electoral votes at the expense of popular votes and large swing states at the expense of smaller states. It might be cynical to suggest that such a system thwarts notions of popular democracy, and yet it seems difficult to reconcile the consequences of an Electoral College with notions of one-person-one vote. To be sure, one person does not really equate to one vote under this system and the particular value to be assigned to a vote depends on the state’s underlying approach to the allocation of electoral votes as well as to whether the voter resides in a large swing state, a large non-swing state, or a smaller state. The ideals of popular democracy, and

Thornfield Manor in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre :: Jane Eyre Essays

Thornfield Manor in Jane Eyre Thornfield Manor is but one stop in Jane's journey to freedom from her restraints and her stay there begins in a comfortable manner. Although it begins warm, Thornfield becomes a haven of boredom, restlessness, and discontent for Jane. To free herself from the boredom, Jane goes out to mail a letter and unknowingly encounters Mr. Rochester. Jane finds that "...the frown, the roughness of the traveler set me at my ease:"(Bronte 105). Through her past experiences, Jane knows how to deal aptly with Mr. Rochester and displays her skills in doing so in a conversation with him even when she knows who he is. "I don't think, sir, you have the right to command me, merely because you are older than I, or because you have seen more of the world than I have; your claim to superiority depends on the use you have made of your time and experience"(Bronte 125). In the comment Jane makes directly to Mr. Rochester, she is bold. He is her employer but she refuses to be demeaned by him and her experienc es at Gateshead and Lowood teach her to be firm but polite, a part of her move toward education and away from containment. Another example of Jane's rebellion comes from within her. She realizes that she is falling in love with Mr. Rochester and it is unacceptable because she is socially inferior to him. The love she holds is a rebellion in itself because she is impoverished and lower than him. Jane compares herself to the beautiful Blanche Ingram in order to sort her feelings. She continues on with her rebellion when Mrs. Reed calls for her. Mrs. Reed is ill and, although she treats Jane badly at Gateshead, Jane goes to her side- in her refusal to let Mrs. Reed overcome her. Jane slowly learns how to deal with the bad times life has handed her thus far. Mrs. Reed, still just as cold on her death bed as she has been in the past, continues to denounce Jane and has contempt for her. Mrs Reed proclaims, "The fever broke out there [Lowood], and many of the pupils died.

El Dorado

El Dorado: The Legend and the Myth Your Name Here School Name Professor John Doe Whether it is just a place of legend that once existed and has disappeared into history or a myth fabricated by European explorers looking for riches, El Dorado has always been a source of mystery to historians and explorers from around the globe. In the search for their â€Å"El Dorado†, the European explorers of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries would stop at nothing to obtain the untold wealth and notoriety that would come with a successful expedition. Along with the wealth that few found, European explorers were able to successfully rape, pillage and destroy an entire continents native population’s way of live in just a few decades. El Dorado, whether is actually exists, or not, has contributed to mans madness in the search for wealth, conquest and paradise in the new world. El Dorado is defined as being a place of legend, a place thought to be found somewhere within the South American continent. It is a place that is believed to be rich in gold and precious stones (Webster’s New World Dictionary, 1988). The term â€Å"El dorado† was originally derived from the Spanish â€Å"el dorado† which means â€Å"golden one. † Many legends surround this story and the origin of El Dorado. â€Å"The Gilded Man† (Bandelier, 1893) – el hombre dorado – which through the generations has been shortened to the current version of El Dorado, is the story of a South American Indian tribe that once lived and flourished in what is now the mountainous table lands of Bogota. Legend has it that this was the name of the chief of the Musica (Wikipedia, 2011) tribe in South America. The story states that the members of this chief’s tribe, during tribal ceremonies, would sprinkle his body with gold dust, which, after the ceremony, would be removed by the king diving into Lake Guatavita. In the years prior to the arrival of the Spanish explorers the Guatativa Indians had been defeated and subjugated in tribal warfare by a neighboring tribe around 1490-1500, and the new chief of this region had put an end to the ceremony of El Dorado. With the arrival of the Spaniards to this region of South America around 1525, the gilded man had already become a myth to the local native tribes. In the Cibao mountains of South America, in the year 1501, while panning for gold in a small stream, a native woman found a single gold nugget that was described as being as large as a â€Å"loaf of bread† or the size of a â€Å"suckling pig† (Bacci, 2007). The weight of this nugget was estimated at 16 kilograms or 35. 2 pounds. In today’s market, with today’s price of gold at $1,475. 00 per ounce, the weight of this single nugget would be worth approximately $662,000. 00. This nugget was so valuable in proving the mass of wealth available in the new world that it was placed on display for the colonists and guarded until it could be shown to the king and queen of Spain. While the native girl that originally found this great nugget was probably given nothing for her find, the two Spaniards in charge of the local expedition were rewarded with devotional objects, dishes and urns that were taken, or stolen, from temples and palaces from throughout the country. The total amount of this reward was measured to the â€Å"height that a man stands with his hand outstretched† (Bacci, 2007). In July of 1529, the new Governor of Venezuela, a German, Ambrosius Dalfinger became the first European to follow-up on and actually search for the origin of â€Å"the gilded man. † Dalfinger and approximately 300 men set forth on a campaign of conquest in search of two items – gold and slaves. His exploits of devastation and plunder would become an object of revulsion to even the Spaniards of his day. In 1530, in the Ambrosia valley, the local natives handed Dalfinger his second defeat in battle. With his forces severely depleted, he finally retreated back to Coro, Venezuela. With all of the effort that Dalfinger put forth to bring death and destruction to the tribal areas in his search for riches and conquest, he only found 70,000 pesos (approx. 6,000 dollars) worth of riches, of which 30,000 along with its escort, never made it out of the forests (Bandelier, 1893). In the 1530s, during the later days of the Dalfinger expedition, another Spaniard, Diego Ordaz and his crew also experienced failure (Winsor, 1886). However, Ordaz and his expeditionary crew did not fail for its inability to find riches; it failed because of internal strife that resulted in a mutiny. During this mutiny one of Ordaz’s lieutenants, Martinez, was also expelled from the expedition for misconduct. After his return to Porto Rico eight months later, he told a tale of becoming lost and wandering in the forest until being captured by natives that blind folded him and escorted him for a considerable distance to a great city called Manoa. He described the city, and taking a day and a night to traverse to reach the palace where he became the guest of the emperor Inga. Lieutenant Martinez according to the author was the first to apply the name El Dorado to the city of Manoa. This story though later proved to be fictional, is the one that would 60 years later be shown to Sir Walter Raleigh, on a manuscript, by the Governor of Trinidad. One of the more famous and historically documented stories about the search for El Dorado is the expedition undertaken by the Spanish explorers Francisco Orellana and Gonzalo Pizarro in 1541. Their expedition, while it did include the search for wealth, also had the task of searching for land suitable colonization by European immigrants. The immigrants faced many hardships, almost from the beginning. The party endured torrential rain, cold, earthquakes and even a volcano. This expedition was another of many launched by European explorers in search of gold and riches that was doomed to fail. What Pizarro did find was another item that was highly sought after by few explorers: cinnamon, a spice derived from the bark of a tree. By the time of this discovery Pizzaro’s company, which started out with 500 Spaniards, 100 mounted on horses, and close to 4,000 natives, had been reduced to a small portion of their original size. Many of the original party had died from disease, starvation, drowning and violent conflicts with many of the native tribes that they had encountered. The majority of the natives they had originally started with, because of the brutality of the masters, had quietly slipped away while in the jungles or during the night while the Spaniards slept. They were close to starvation, and the expedition’s horses, dogs and other domesticated animals they had started out with had already been eaten. The remaining expedition members were reduced to eating whatever they could find in the surrounding forest; this diet consisted of roots, leaves, grasses, frog, toads, snakes lizards and whatever scarce wildlife they could find. Pizarro decided it was time to cut his losses and return to the native kingdom of Quito. He then challenged his men to build a â€Å"brigantine,† a small two masted ship, to be used to navigate the many rivers and waterways for the return trip home. The task of this ship building was something his party was ill equipped for. For iron they had to use the shoes of their dead horses, to seal the crevices between the planks they used glue derived from the local trees and for rope material they used the clothing of the native helpers and their own shirts. After journeying for 16 months, Zarate, a historian on the expedition, wrote â€Å"The whole party from general to private, was almost entirely naked, as, from almost continual rain storms which they had been exposed and the other hardships of the journey, their clothes were all rotten and torn to rags, and they were reduced to covering themselves with the skins of beasts. Their swords were all without scabbards and almost destroyed with rust. † (Zahm, 1917). According to Bacci, (2007) the conquest of the new world and the speed in which it was explored and settled was a surprise to the entire world, to include the conquistadors. The exploration of the continent, subjugation of the local populace and the beginning of colonization by tens of thousands of Europeans took around 50 years to complete. Author M. B. Synge (2007) wrote of Sir Walter Raleigh, who was the next European explorer of any note and his attempt to try and locate El Dorado. Raleigh, an Englishman, had recently failed in an attempt to establish a colony on the North American continent, in what is now Virginia. With Raleigh looking to get back into the good graces of his queen, his thoughts were of gold and fame, he had heard the rumors of the Golden city of Manoa, what the Spanish referred to as El Dorado, a mythical city of golden temples filled with furniture and adornments of gold. In 1595, he left England with five ships bound for South America. Upon reaching the mouth of the Orinoco River, in what is now Guiana, he discovered that he could not effectively navigate the river with his deep-hulled ocean going ships. His only option was to hire a local guide, Ferdinand, and set out with one hundred of his men, rowing against the current in small boats. During this expedition, Raleigh described the way the natives along the river lived, (they were cannibals), the abundance of fruits on the Guiana shores and the terrible strain that he and his crew were under both physically and mentally as they strove to succeed in their quest. After weeks of battling scorching heat and unrelenting river currents, Raleigh decided it was time to turn back. He never did find the city of Manoa but instead returned to England, to his Queen, telling tales of a country unspoiled, yet to be torn apart by others in search of gold and yet to be conquered by the Christian faith. The Queen was not impressed. The tales of his expedition and further conquest into South America were received coldly by the Queen. In 1617, twenty-two years after his first attempt, Raleigh was again granted permission by the Queen to attempt a second expedition into Guiana. Over the centuries, the term El Dorado has come to represent many things: A legend of a lost city and the mythology of a place that probably never existed. But to the people of today, it has come to represent two things: A place where wealth can be rapidly obtained and a fool’s errand, out of reach and unobtainable. In 1848, Edgar Allan Poe wrote his poem El Dorado (Poe, 1849). He writes of a gallant knight’s quest to find El Dorado. I found the last two stanzas to be the most meaningful. And, as his strength Failed him at length, He met a pilgrim shadow — â€Å"Shadow,† said he, â€Å"Where can it be — This land of El Dorado? † â€Å"Over the Mountains Of the Moon, Down the Valley of the Shadow, Ride, boldly rides,† The shade replied — â€Å"If you seek for El Dorado. â€Å" As the knight lie dying, he see’s a spirit, probably a hallucination, that tells him El Dorado, will be over the next mountain and down into the next valley. It will always be over the mountain and into the next valley. It is a mythical place that is unobtainable; you will never find El Dorado. Heart of Darkness (Conrad, 1893), is another fictional tale of another group of explorers searching for riches in a land that has yet to be conquered. This time the story does not take place in South America, but in Africa. In his novel, Conrad tells a story of an ill-fated expedition into the unexplored territories of the African continent. It is basically the same tale of the trials and trouble that faced explorers three centuries earlier in South America. They went into unknown lands seeking riches and fame only to be faced with their own reality and deaths. The author tells a story of men that are bored with the ordinary life and seek adventure where they have no business being. He talks about the riches found and lost, along with other illegitimate profits that men can gain at the cost of another’s way of life. Marlow, one of the characters in Conrad’s story, says something that I believe to be a statement that shows the state of mind of the explorers and people of this era. Marlow said â€Å"The conquest of the earth, which mostly means the taking it away from those who have a different complexion or slightly flatter noses than ourselves; it is not a pretty thing when you look into it to much†. This story continues to show that the European and North American explorers of the 19th century have changed very little from their predecessors of the 15th thru the 18th centuries. They continue to go, usually where they do not belong, at great cost of life and property, and usually very little profit. Although these explorers have opened many doors for civilization, they have also, in their greed, destroyed another’s way of life during their search for glory. The Oak Island Treasure News, BlogSpot on the internet operated by Keith Ranville (2010) has another spin on the legend of El Dorado. Ranville who is thought of as a modern day treasure hunter and researcher from Vancouver, British Columbia, has many credits for deciphering ancient symbols and artifacts that has led him to several historical finds. What I found most interesting about Ranville was his own theory of what really happened to El Dorado. Ranville's theory about the lost city of gold, is that the native populations of the Incan Empire believed that they had, in their greed, been cursed by their gods and that the European explorers had been sent to destroy anyone that possessed gold of the gods. In their fear, the natives, directed by their holy men or shamans, stripped their cities of gold and returned it to the rivers and mines were it had been found. My belief is that El Dorado, whether it ever actually existed, or not, it has open many doors for modern civilization to exist. With out the explorers of the past 500 years, we would never have reached the levels of modernization that we currently have. While much good has come from all of this exploration, much unnecessary death and destruction of many people and their way of life were just brushed aside and destroyed. Many of the great tribes of both the North and South American continents have been lost forever. Those that still exist are just remnants of their ancestors, living on mostly government mandated lands and their ancient way of life forever gone. I feel that mankind has lost much more han it has gained in his search for wealth, conquest and paradise in the new world – as in his search for El Dorado. Bacci, L. B. (2007). El Dorado in the marshes. Massachusetts: Polity Press. Bandelier, A. F. (1893). The gilded man. New York: D. Appleton and Company. Conrad, J. (1893). Heart of darkness. New York: Columbia University Press. Poe, E. A. (1849). El Dorado: Poetry and tales. New York: Literary Classics of the United States. Ranville, K. (March 11, 2010). Oak Island treasure News. Retrieved March 26, 2011 from http://oakislandtreasurenewsarchives. logspot. com/2010/03/inca-treasure-thesis Synge, M. B. (2007). Explorers in South America, A book of discovery. North Carolina: Yesterday’s Classics. Webster’s new world dictionary. (3rd ed. ). (1988). New York: Simon and Schuster. W. Winsor, J. (1886). Narrative and critical history of America: Spanish explorations in America. Boston and New York: Houghton, Mifflin and Company. Wikipedia. ( November 2011). Retrieved March 27, 2011, from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/El_Dorado Zahm, J. A. (1917). The quest for el Dorado. New York: D. Appleton and Company.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy And Post Traumatic Stress...

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Millions of people suffer from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and struggle to find an effective treatment option. Many people have the misconception that only our veterans have this condition but in actuality over 8% of the Unites States population have this mental illness. Researchers have been trying to study and determine what the best treatment options are. Patients can get confused and frustrated in trying to find a treatment that will fit their needs and gives them the best opportunity and chance of recovery. Research has indicated that drug therapy has limited results when used without therapy and may only treat symptoms (Wright 2013). Although many†¦show more content†¦Patients may also be hesitant to talk about the original event especially in the case of rape or sexual abuse. General Practitioners (GPs) often are not well trained in this type of mental illness and are not aware of treatment options. And many patients suffer from co-morbidities. (Wright, 20 13) One of the biggest obstacles in treating PTSD is the high prevalence of co-morbidities. Co-morbidity is the presence of two or more chronic diseases or conditions in a patient. â€Å"A study conducted in Australia found that at least half of the people with PTSD have moderate depression, while generalized anxiety disorder was present in a 40% of men and 22% of women sufferers. (Wright, 2014).† This study also found a close link between PTSD patients and substance abuse; it was found that over 30% of people who suffer from PTSD also suffer from substance abuse. (Wright, 2014) Co-morbidities can make treatment very difficult since it’s not the PTSD alone that may need treatment; it’s a series of issues. For example, a patient with PTSD who also suffers from substance abuse needs two different kinds of treatment. Multiple kinds of treatment may take more time and effort in order to get multiple conditions under control. 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